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Reconstructive surgery repairs parts of your body affected by defects you were born with, defects that have developed because of disease, or defects caused by an injury. Cleft lip and palate repair and breast reconstructions are examples of reconstructive surgery.

The word “reconstructive” means to rebuild after something has been damaged or destroyed.

Some of the more common conditions addressed by reconstructive surgery include -

Breast conditions:

• Breast reconstruction (typically after a full or partial mastectomy).
• Breast reduction (reduction mammoplasty). This might be needed if you experience discomfort, a rash underneath your breasts, or back pain. Note that whether a breast reconstruction is considered a cosmetic procedure or a reconstructive procedure depends on the amount of breast tissue removed. This depends on your health insurance’s guidelines and policies.

Limb salvage:

If you’re facing the amputation of a limb, reconstructive surgery may be able to help by using tissue to fill in space.

Facial reconstruction:

• Facial reconstruction can be necessary after tumor resection or after a trauma.
• Jaw straightening is called an orthognathic surgery.

Hand procedures to improve or fix the following (some surgeons specialize in the hand):

• Improve strength.
• Improve flexibility.
• Improve function.
• Fix webbed fingers.
• Fix carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Fix arthritis.
• Fix trauma.

Other types of procedures include:

• Cleft lip and palate repair.
• Craniosynostosis surgery (head reshaping).
• Gender confirmation surgeries (transfeminine/transmasculine).
• Lymphedema treatment.
• Migraine surgery (chronic headache relief).
• Panniculectomy (body contouring).
• Septoplasty (deviated septum correction).

This list is just a small percentage of procedures. Reconstructive surgery covers all sorts of trauma, cancers and problems caused by infections.